The truth is that there are disagreements on who truly invented chemistry or who is the father of chemistry. In this article, you will be learning about the different contributors to chemistry. So, keep reading.

Who Invented Chemistry?

The credit for the invention of chemistry goes to two great men, Jābir ibn Hayyān and Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier. This article will be discussing their individual invention and contributions to chemistry.

Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān

Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān was a Muslim alchemist, scientist, astronomer, and philosopher in the eighth century. He was one of the first scientists to use scientific ways for studying materials. His followers and some scholars call him the father of (early) chemistry. In his lifetime, Jābir ibn Hayyān wrote about twenty-two works on chemistry. These works detailed scientific ways of sublimation, evaporation, crystallization, and distillation. Furthermore, Jābir ibn Hayyān designed a tool that studies and purifies acids. He named this device “the alembic”. Jābir ibn Hayyān proceeded to categorize chemical systems based on the materials he used for his studies.

One of the categories is that of “spirits” which means materials that bring out vapor when they pass through heat. The next category is “metals” which include tin, iron, lead, and copper. Another category is “non-malleable substances” which means materials that can take powder forms when crushed or dissolved.

Jābir ibn Hayyān’s work spread both near and far and in Europe, the Europeans called him “Geber”. As an alchemist, having a pharmacist father stirred his passion for chemistry. Jābir ibn Hayyān also learned alchemy (what is called chemistry today) under the tutelage of Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq. He didn’t just learn chemistry from him, he learned medicine, pharmacy, astronomy, and philosophy.

Now, while Jābir ibn Hayyān was a great alchemist, his followers exaggerated many of his contributions. Some even went as far as stating that he authored more than a thousand works on the subjects philosophy, alchemy, and chemistry. This made some scholars doubt that he even existed. 

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

Whenever a person asks, “Who is the father of chemistry?” the name Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier pops up in a student’s mind. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier was a French chemist who lived between 1743 – 1794. He was a prominent figure, one who revolutionized chemicals by developing a theory based on how oxygen deactivates. It was also Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier who provided the system used to name chemical substances.

As a student, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier studied a type of chemistry whose concept did not give much clarity. Also, most philosophers focused that earth, fire, water, and air as the most important natural substances of matter. So, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier gave attention to examining compounds that take form when one mixes acids with alkalis. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier had many successful experiments and this was largely because he had the money to finance it. Thus, he could afford costly tools for his design and also work directly with experienced researchers. Till today, chemistry teachers teach their students “Lavoisier’s law” which shows how successful he was. This is also why many of his followers, students, and other scholars refer to him as the father of modern chemistry. 

Unfortunately, during the French revolution, the state executed Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier because of his link to finances and public administration.

Jābir ibn Hayyān and Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

One of the reasons scholars prefer to credit Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier as the father of chemistry is because of the exaggeration surrounding Jābir ibn Hayyān’s work. Indeed, according to research, Jābir ibn Hayyān’s work preceded Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier. This is because Jābir ibn Hayyān carried out his work in the eighth century while Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier’s was in the eighteenth century. In a bid to establish the authority of Jābir ibn Hayyān, his followers and students made high claims of his work in chemistry. One claim that stands is that he authored over a thousand works on the subjects philosophy, alchemy, and chemistry. Even if Jābir ibn Hayyān did publish work on these subjects, a thousand would have been impossible for him to do

When researchers fact-checked these claims, they found out that most of them were false. In fact, so numerous were these false claims that they overshadowed Jābir ibn Hayyān’s real work. This is why even to this day, some scholars contest his contribution and existence.

Robert Boyle

Another chemist who scholars often refer to as the father of modern chemistry is Robert Boyle. This man lived between 1627–1691. Robert Boyle was the one who found out that gas reduces when there is an increase in pressure. Similarly, pressure increases when there is a reduction in the volume of a gas. This discovery is the law of gases that scholars today call Boyle’s law. 

Who Invented the Mole in Chemistry?

The credit for the invention of the mole in chemistry goes to Amedeo Avogrado. Amedeo Avogrado was an Italian mathematical physicist who lived between 1776 – 1856. It was because of his invention of the molecular hypothesis in chemistry that scholars named the “Avogrado’s law” after him. The Avogrado’s law states that when they are under the right pressure and temperature, gases with equal volumes have the same amount of molecules.

The Biography of Amedeo Avogrado

Amedeo Avogrado was born to Filippo Avogrado who was an influential and respected man of his time. As a result of this, Amedeo Avogrado had one of the best education (he studied law). However, Amedeo Avogrado was not interested in pursuing law. Rather, he was fascinated by mathematics. So, what he did was steal away to study mathematics and physics in secret.

His studying paid off as four years after, the Academy of Sciences of Turin accepted him to be a member of their institution. Two years after, the college appointed him to the post of demonstrator. In 1809, three years after, Amedeo Avogrado earned his professor qualification. In 1820, nearly 11 years after, he became the chairperson of mathematical physics at the University of Turin. Unfortunately, certain events caused the University to shut down, thus resulting in Amedeo Avogrado losing his chair position.

Yet, fortune smiled on him again. Ten years after the University closed, the chair was restored but they gave it to another mathematical physicist. However, this physicist left a year after and Amedeo Avogrado took back the chair.

What is Combinatorial Chemistry?

Combinatorial chemistry is a type of chemistry that implores a method in the laboratory to test millions of molecules for how they act biologically. This chemistry has gathered many specific molecules which it uses for testing.

Conclusion

Who invented chemistry? Now you know the great men of the past who contributed greatly to this subject. So you could choose Jābir ibn Hayyān, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, or Robert Boyle as the father of chemistry. 

Indeed, algebra can be tasking. However, it is necessary to solve, study and expose many of the things that happen in the world. In this article, you will be learning the origin and history of algebra. You will also get to know the greatest contributors to this subject and how they used it. So, keep reading.

Who Invented Algebra and When?

Scholars often credit Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780 – c. 850), the Arabic mathematician as the one who invented algebra. Due to his great contributions to algebra, many scholars call him “the father of algebra” even to this day. In fact, “algorithm” is named after the translation of his name in Latin. It was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi that introduced algebra and Hindu-Arabic numerals to European mathematics. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi’s published work titled “The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing” was on elementary algebra. This was where the term “algebra” came from. Algebra deals with rules that are compiled and demonstrated to solve quadratic and linear equations using geometric arguments. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi’s work stood out from previous attempts and treatments of the same subject.  Furthermore, the work contained calculations that helped solve problems that people had with inheritance.

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi published a second work that introduced algebra and Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe. The title of this book is “Al-Khwārizmī Concerning the Hindu Art of Reckoning”. In Latin, the title of this book is translated as “Algoritmi de numero Indorum”. It was from this that “algorithm” derived its name. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi published many works on algebra in his lifetime. Thus, many scholars credit him as the man who invented algebra.

Who Invented Algebra and Why?

Despite the fact that scholars call Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi the father of algebra, algebra had existed before him. One can trace the origin of algebra to ancient Egypt and Babylon because both nations used it for different purposes. However, historians generally agree that the Babylonians were the first civilization to use algebra. Historians traced proof of this to 1900 BC where they found stone tablets showing different types of mathematics.

Egyptian and Babylonian algebra were similar in nature but that of the Babylonians was higher. While the Egyptians used simple math like linear equations, the Babylonians used advanced algebra like quadratic equations, positive roots, and even cubics. Historians also found proof that showed how the Egyptians used linear equations in ancient times. However, there is no proof that they practiced advanced algebra as the Babylonians.

Another ancient civilization that scholars credit with the invention of algebra is the Greeks. The Greeks used algebra to solve linear equations and it was Euclid, the geometer that developed this. Euclid and his fellow Greeks used algebra to solve geometry. Still, historians say that Euclid was not the only one who contributed to algebra in ancient Greece. Reports have it that Diophantus, another mathematician, had thirteen works on algebra. However, only six of them survived the years. Historians credit him as the man whose work surpassed Euclid’s on algebra. Diophantus was the first to discover that one could use symbols as representation for unknown numbers. He was also the one who gave powers and operations their short forms.

Who Invented Vector?

The credit for the invention of vector goes to Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Williard Gibbs. Vector, also called vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch in mathematics that focuses on differentiation. The geometric and physical quantities of a vector are referred to as scalars which you can also call an ordinary number. For example, to represent these scalars in graphics, points are used on scales with numbers as you would on a clock. Vectors are also a type of quantities in vector calculus that require direction to be specified. To represent vector quantity in its graphics, the teacher draws a direct line segment and an arrow in the direction of the vector quantity.

Vectors have appeared not only in algebra but in calculus, mechanics, physics, electrical engineering, and other sciences.

Who Invented Boolean Algebra?

The credit for the invention of Boolean algebra goes to George Boole and it first appeared in his 1854 book titled “The Mathematical Analysis of Logic”. Furthermore, George Boole wrote an extension of this first book titled, “An Investigation of the Laws of Thought.” As evident, this algebra got its name from its inventor.

Boolean algebra focuses on the workings of logical values that have binary variables. Furthermore, the binary numbers 1 and 0 represent these variables as true and false respectively.

In modern times, financial experts have applied George Boole’s Boolean algebra to the financial markets. For example, experts use a binary tree to help in the stock options pricing. Also, in modern times, computer programmers used George Boole’s Boolean algebra as a programming language.

Who Invented Linear Algebra?

Linear algebra is a fundamental part of algebra that deals with linear equations. The credit for the invention of linear algebra goes to different mathematicians. In 1637, Rene Descartes introduced some systems of linear equations to Europe using geometry. In 1693, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz introduced the methods to solve linear equations using determinants. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz only suggested using these but Gabriel Cramer user them in 1750 to extensively solve linear systems. This solution is what is now called the Cramer’s rule.

In 1844, Hermann Grassman authored the book “Theory of Extension” which mathematicians now call linear algebra. Other sciences also use linear algebra because of its efficiency in computing with modeling natural phenomena.

Who Invented Algebra in India?

Since the invention of algebra dates back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Babylon, one cannot say that India had an algebra inventor. However, India had mathematicians who contributed greatly to algebra. One of such scholars was Aryabhata (476–550), the Indian mathematician who created the equation:

Bhāskara II was another great Indian mathematician in the twelfth century who introduced Pell’s equation solution. Bhāskara II authored many books on algebra in his lifetime including Vija-Ganita and Lilavati. These books had their sources in other Hindu works and they showed problems of determinate and indeterminate quadratic and linear equations.

Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta was yet another great Indian mathematician who contributed immensely to algebra. Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta authored the eponymous Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta which contained the solution to general quadratic equations. This mathematician was the first to provide all integer solutions to the linear equation.

While no Indian scholars invented algebra, the credit still goes to them as the civilization with the most contributors.

Conclusion

So who discovered algebra first? The answer is that there is no one sole inventor. However, there are many great scholars who have made great contributions to this subject. Indeed, many more will continue to make contributions to algebra.

Geometry is a branch in mathematics that focuses on the relations and properties of lines, solids, positions, points, surfaces, sizes, and higher dimensions. Who created geometry? In this article, you will be learning everything you need to know about the invention of geometry.

Who Invented Geometry?

Indeed, the credit for the invention of geometry goes to Euclid, the great Greek mathematician who lived around 300 BC. Euclid was the one who published the “Elements” that contained aspects of geometry. When you ask, “Who is the father of geometry?”, the first answer you will get is Euclid. However, despite having this great achievement tied to his name, no one knows much about Euclid. What scholars and researchers know about this man is what Proclus, another Greek mathematician wrote of him in summary. In Proclus’ work about Euclid, he wrote that Euclid was a teacher at Alexandria and believed that the “Elements” were the only way to geometry.

Euclid’s “Elements” had its source in the work of other men. These included the works of Hippocrates of Chips and Theudius. Even though Euclid’s work drew inspiration from these sources, historians agree that he had most of the ideas in the “Elements”. Indeed, Euclid’s “Elements” talks about geometry but it also explored other areas. From Books I to Books IV, Euclid discussed geometry in detail. He wrote that before one could build a logical geometry, there had to be the right foundation. He wrote about the five unproven assumptions (axioms), elementary theorems, the Pythagora theorem, among others. In the “Elements”, Euclid also gave the definition of a line as one “without breadth”. It was in his work that the term “a straight line is what joins two points” came from. It was also Euclid that wrote that all right angles are equal.

In Books VII-IX of the “Elements”, Euclid discussed the elements of the number theory where he wrote that numbers greater than 1 were positive integers.

Even though Euclid had drawn his work from previous sources, the people of his time considered his as the one with the final say. This is why mathematicians all over the world regard him as the father of geometry.

Who Developed Coordinate Geometry?

Coordinate geometry is one of the sub-areas in geometry. The credit for the development of coordinate geometry goes to the French mathematician, Rene Descartes. History shows that this man developed this in the seventeenth century and there was quite a remarkable story behind this. The story is that Rene Descartes was one who never slept early and on one of such nights, he observed the movements of a fly on his ceiling. While the fly moved, Rene Descartes thought about how he could describe where the fly was. In the end, he concluded that he could use one of the ceiling’s corners as a point of reference.

Now, the ceiling was in the shape of a rectangle and the bottom left corner was the point of reference. Using this, Rene Descartes could accurately guess where the fly was: all he had to do was measure the length it would take to go in both horizontal and vertical directions to reach it. Both horizontal and vertical directions are what are called the coordinates of the fly. Now each of these coordinates shows the ceiling’s unique point and every unique point had its pair of coordinates.

This coordinate system that Rene Descartes developed helped to link algebra and geometry. Through this, one could describe shapes in geometry such as circles. All one had to do was use the points’ coordinates which gave it its shapes.

Who Discovered Fractal Geometry?

Another sub-area in geometry is fractal geometry. The credit for the discovery of fractal geometry goes to Benoit Mandelbrot. However, before Benoit Mandelbrot’s discovery, others had discovered the basics of fractal geometry. Still, Benoit Mandelbrot discovered the bulk of fractal geometry. Benoit Mandelbrot was the first to show that if it was used in mathematics, fractals would model physical objects and even the stock market. Also, the expression for the fractal is a non-integer, which means that a fraction and not an entire number represents a fractal. 

Fractal geometry has also been useful to other fields as physiology, computer graphics, physical chemistry, and fluid mechanics.

Who Developed Hyperbolic Geometry?

Hyperbolic geometry is another sub-area in geometry. The credit for the development of hyperbolic geometry goes to Felix Klein, the German mathematician, and Eugenio Beltrami, the Italian geometer. Hyperbolic geometry is the type of geometry that does not agree with the parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry. This postulate states that “through a point not on a given line there is exactly one line parallel to the given line.” Hyperbolic geometry itself states that “through a point not on a given line there are at least two lines parallel to the given line.”

Even though the hyperbolic geometry rejects the Euclidean parallel postulate, it does agree with the remaining four Euclidean postulates.

Take for instance, in Euclidean geometry, it is agreed that two parallel lines are at equal distances. However, in hyperbolic geometry, two parallel lines go in one direction and split up in another direction. Despite the similarities between Euclidean geometry and hyperbolic geometry, the example above is one of its key difference.

Who Invented Abstract Geometry?

Another sub-area in geometry is abstract geometry. The credit for the invention of abstract geometry goes to Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in 1907 – 1908 when they discovered cubism. In Holland, Piet Mondrian was the one who invented algebra the geometric abstraction language. He did this in collaboration with Bart van der Leck, Theo van Doesburg, and Vilmos Huszar. The purpose of Piet Mondrian’s work was to portray pure geometric forms which he termed as absolute reality. Piet Mondrian had his geometric style and he called it, “Neoplasticism.” 

In Russia, Kazimir Malevich was the first to introduce the geometric abstraction language with a geometric style he called “Suprematism.”

Who Invented Analytic Geometry?

Analytic geometry is another sub-area in geometry. The credit for the invention of analytic geometry goes to both Frenchmen Rene Descartes and Pierre de Fermat. They created analytic geometry by using Francois Viète’s geometric loci. However, they developed their geometry far beyond Viète’s. Instead of using fixed, they used variables to represent distances. While Rene Descartes emphasized that mathematicians should note a general algebraic curve, Pierre de Fermat stressed an x and y coordinate relation dictated a curve.

Despite the fact their great contribution to geometry, they both feared criticism. Rene Descartes published his work but made it difficult to read. Pierre de Fermat, on the other hand, never published his work. It was other mathematicians after them who accepted their work and published them. This is how both Rene Descartes and Pierre de Fermat are able to get credit for the invention of analytic geometry.

Conclusion

Who invented geometry? Now you know that even though Euclid was the one who invented geometry, there were contributions from all over the world that made it what it is today. 

Who Invented Calculus Newton or Leibniz?

Experts usually credit ancient Greece as the city where calculus came to be. However, Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz are two men who contributed significantly to Calculus. Thus, it is a thing of argument when it comes to giving credit to who invented calculus first between the two. To conclude on who invented calculus first, it is important to give the background information of both men’s work individually.

Isaac Newton’s Contribution

For years, experts credited Isaac Newton as the first man who developed calculus. In the mid-1660, Isaac Newton developed the concept of calculus where he wrote a paper stating that he developed the basics of calculus. Between 1664 and 1676, he wrote about four papers on calculus but refused to publish them. What he did was circulate these papers among his friends because he was afraid that people would criticize his work. If he had not done this, it would have been hard to prove that he made any contribution to Calculus let alone invent the idea. However, Sir Isaac Newton’s papers were eventually published after his death.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s Contribution

Other experts credit Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz as the first guy who invented calculus. Just like Sir Isaac Newton, he invented calculus in the mid-1670s. He also wrote papers stating that he originated the idea of calculus. However, unlike Sir Isaac Newton, he was not afraid to publish his papers. In 1684, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz published the paper, “A New Method for Maxima and Minima, as Well Tangents, Which Is not Obstructed by Fractional or Irrational Quantities.” This is a pretty long name for a paper, yes? Similarly, this six-page paper was unclear and it was hard for people to understand the idea.

Who Invented Differential Calculus? Who Invented Multivariable Calculus? Who Invented Integral Calculus?

The credit for this goes to both Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. However, differentiation existed even before these men were born. One can trace the history of differential calculus to ancient Greek where Archimedes used indivisibles to study areas and volumes. In 500 AD, Aryabhata, the Indian mathematician used infinitesimals in his study of the moon’s orbit. Bhaskara II, another Indian mathematician used infinitesimals to put together the rates of change. You will find this in his work, “Rolle’s theorem”.

Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi, the Islamic mathematician published the work “Treatise on Equations” where he stated conditions for cubic equations to have solutions. For example, he showed that the cubic ax2 – x3’s maximum happened when x was equal to 2a/3 (x = 2a/3). He then concluded that the equation ax2 minus x3 is equal to C (ax2 — x3 = c) has exactly one positive solution when c equals 4a3/27 (c = 4a3/27). Also, there were two positive solutions when 0 is greater than C and 4a3/27 (0 < c < 4a3/27).

Despite these great contributions to differentiation, it was Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that gave an independent approached to differential calculus. What made them earn this was the theorem “the fundamental theorem of calculus”. James Gregory who lived between 1638–1675 first published the first state of this theorem. Isaac Barrow, Isaac Newton’s teacher, then gave a more defined generalization to this theorem while Isaac Newton concluded the development of this theorem. Gottfried Leibniz then systematized this theorem into calculus and then gave the notation which mathematicians use today.

What is Vector Calculus?

Vector calculus is an area of calculus that focuses on differentiation and experts credit J. Williard Gibbs and Oliver Heaviside for their invention. This has some geometric and physical quantities that are called scalars in calculus. In its graphics, points represent scalars on scales with numbers like a clock, for example. Vectors are also a type of quantities in vector calculus that require direction to be specified. In its graphics, a direct line segment and an arrow in the direction of the vector quantity represents the vector quantity.

Who Invented Precalculus?

The credit for this goes to Leonhard Euler. This man wrote the first book on precalculus in 1748 which contained methods and concepts used to study integral and differential calculus.

Newton vs Leibniz: the Story of the Great Controversy

As they both lived and formulated the idea for calculus at the same time, it was hard for the people of their time to tell who invented calculus first. Still, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz acknowledged Sir Isaac Newton’s work and released a statement where he said that Sir Isaac Newton had done a better job. Unfortunately, Sir Isaac Newton did not return the favor.

When he found out that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had gotten the calculus idea first, he wrote him a letter. This letter showed where Sir Isaac Newton tried to establish the fact that it was he, and not Leibniz, who created calculus first. Such a letter led to the accusation of Leibniz that he stole Sir Isaac Newton’s ideas. However, because Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz had published his ideas first, many people sided with him. They further accused Sir Isaac Newton as the one who stole Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s ideas.

This led to a huge controversy in Britain for years as the friends of both men encouraged them to fight it out. Johann Bernoulli, who had used Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s published work to increase the function of calculus, supported him. So did Sir Isaac Newton’s friends. During the long feud, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz called Sir Isaac Newton’s friends “enfants perdus” which is translated as “the lost children”. Sir Isaac Newton then accused Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz of plagiarism. Unfortunately, despite the fact that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz published his paper first, Isaac Newton’s accusation was successful. Thus, he took the credit as the man who first invented calculus.

The Effects and the After

The establishment of the accusation of plagiarism affected Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s life heavily. In those days, when someone accused you of something and most people believed your accusers, you were socially ostracized. And this is what happened to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. When Sir Isaac Newton died, the state gave him a grand funeral, one that was complete with honor and glory. This was especially because of his work in calculus. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, on the other hand, died, a poor man with no honor.

Still, people like Johann Bernoulli and Leonard Euler used Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s calculus when they developed the field of applied analysis.

However, as the years went by, people who took up calculus to study saw the truth. They discovered that Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz did not plagiarize Sir Isaac Newton’s work as he had not even read his manuscripts. Thus, calculus experts started to lift the accusation of plagiarism on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. This is why teachers and students of calculus today give credit for an invention to both Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Sir Isaac Newton.

Conclusion

Who invented calculus? Now you know that both Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, among others, made great contributions to calculus. 

In this article, you will learn about the history of mathematics and those who invented core areas in this subject. So, keep reading!

Who Invented Math?

Now, before one can answer this question, one must remember that maths is a broad subject. What this means is that it has different types of studies and one cannot attribute all these studies to one person. It took many creative people to come up with these studies in math for several centuries. In almost every country or tribe, the people used mathematics in one way or the other. Some used it to count, some used it to measure time, some used it for military strategies, etc.

So, it is safe to say that math is as old as man or even time itself. Thus, there is no individual who single-handedly invented math. However, as this article has mentioned before, there are different inventors of the many studies in math. In the next sections, you will find out who these people are so keep reading.

Who Invented Zero in Math?

Zero is the first number in the number system. In English, zero means “nothing” but in math, zero counts. One zero could make the difference between a thousand and a hundred thousand dollars. The zero is important in math and this is why finding out who invented it is also as important.

One can trace back the first recorded zero to Sumer, Mesopotamia nearly over five thousand years ago. The Sumerians were one of the earliest writers as they recorded their writing in stone wedges. After the Sumerians, there were traces of records of zero to the Babylonians and the Chinese. These people used zero as a placeholder, which means they used it to differentiate ten from a hundred. For a hundred and thousand years, they used zero to show a space present. Thus, one cannot credit one person or one tribe as the one who invented zero in math.

Who Invented Maths Tables?

According to historical facts, the first multiplication tables appeared more than four thousand years ago in Babylonia. Babylonia used tablets of clay to do their mathematics and some of these tablets survived wars and destruction until today.

Babylonian merchants and traders needed higher mathematics to help them with their transactions. Thus, they made clay tablets which they carried about and used for calculations. This is similar to the way business people use a calculator for business today.

However, unlike in today’s world, calculation using the stone tablet was not automatic. These merchants had to memorize them because they counted in powers of sixty. So, they needed to memorize their multiplication up to times table fifty-nine.

Who Invented Mathematical Symbols?

One can trace the history of mathematical symbols to Babylonia and ancient Egypt in 3500 B. C. They used these symbols to show numbers and according to history, these came before the written language.

It was in Greece that mathematics symbols for angles, areas, and volumes appeared. The people used lines to show these symbols and rectangles to show the addition of the two symbols.

Descartes was the man who modified mathematical symbols into what they are today. He did this by denoting the final letters of the alphabet and the first letters as well.

G. Leibniz was another mathematician who created differential and integral calculus.

Who Invented Numbers and Letters?

The history of numbers is traceable to the ancient Ishango Bone which researchers found in Africa. The lines on the bones looked like the tally marks of today. Also, the traders in Mesopotamia used numbers for their businesses.

However, Aryabhata and Brahmagupta both Indians were the ones who developed the Arabic numeral system used today. Both these men were from the fifth and sixth century BC respectively.

In Ancient Egypt, records existed which showed that the Egyptians used numbers to measure things. This was important for them as they built pyramids.

For the invention of numbers, one can trace it to the history of the Phoenicians. These people created an alphabet of twenty-two consonants with no vowel. However, as the world evolved, vowels soon became a part of the alphabet.

Who Invented Maths in India?

One cannot mention the invention of math without mentioning India because they had many contributors to this invention. Aryabhata, of ancient India, was the one who gave the first and accurate formula gif calculating the earth’s revolving around the sun. This formula is (a + b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab. Brahmagupta was the one who showed people how to find the cube and cube root as well as the squares and square roots. Srinivasa Ramanujan was the one who invented continued fractions, infinite series, products of hypergeometric series, and partial sums.

Dattatreya Ramchandra Kaprekar was the one who created the many classes of natural numbers. The constant “K” was also named after him. Harish-Chandra FRS contributed immensely to the representation theory, his major focus was creating the semisimple Lie harmonic analysis.

Satyendra Nath Bose was another Indian mathematician who contributed to quantum statistics and statistical mechanics. Bhaskara was the mathematician who discovered that if you divide zero by any number, it is infinity.

Who Invented Math and Science?

You now know the inventors of math but what about science? Many modern-day scientists consider Aristotle as the father of science although some say there were scientists before him. Aristotle was the one who introduced logic, inquiry, observation, and demonstration. These are core principles of science.

Who Invented Logic?

For a long time, people believed that Parmenides, the Greek philosopher invented logic. However, history shows that he never studied any arguments that he used.

Zeno, Parmenides’ mentee, was one of the first people to use logic. He even authored a collection of arguments titled “Zeno’s Paradoxes” in which he established reductio and absurdum. Reductio and absurdum is an argument that shows an attempt to lay a claim to which its opposite would lead to a contradiction.

What is Mathematical Logic?

Mathematical logic is simply studying logic in mathematics. The sub-areas in this include set theory, model theory, recursion theory, and proof theory. What is mathematical logic? Mathematical logic formalizes exact facts and accurate reasoning.

Which Country Invented Mathematics?

Mathematics experts generally agree that Greece was the first country that had organized mathematics. However, India is the country with the most and greatest contributors to math. It was in India that the mathematicians developed the decimal system which teachers and students use all over the world today.

Conclusion

Who invented math? Now you know that math had many contributors to its invention. However, ancient Greek was the country that founded it and India has the most contributors.

Well, you are not the only one who has asked. However, in this article, you will get an answer to your question. So, keep reading.

Who Invented School and When?

Horace Mann was the man who invented school and people often call him the “Father of the Common School Movement”. He was an American educator who was passionate about teaching those who were willing to learn. Horace did this in 1837 when he became Massachusetts’ secretary of education.

Horace was a professor and president in college and taught the subjects, Greek and Latin.

Who invented public school? Horace did this as well. He created this system so that qualified teachers would teach students and that they followed a curriculum. As you may already know, a school curriculum contains information about what and how the school will per term/semester.

Formal education is one of the most important things in today’s world. This is an organized way of imparting a person’s life with what they need to progress in society. A formally educated person stands out among the crowd and people respect the qualifications that come with it. To get formally educated, you must go to a school. Thus, scholars often credit Horace Mann as the one who invented school.

However, even without reading history books, you may wonder that 1837 seems like a “recent” age for the invention of school. If you have read history books, you would have read of formal education in ancient cities and times. So, why do scholars credit Horace Mann as the one who invented school in the world? Were there other inventors before him and who are they? Keep reading to find out.

Who Invented School and Why Did They Invent it: Harry P. School

Judging from his name, it is not hard for one to immediately think that this man invented school. This is because his surname “School” is the noun used to define a place for formal learning.

In 1369, Harry School decided to gather children in his community who misbehaved and lock them up in a house. However, he did not leave them alone; he hired adults to help watch them. Furthermore, he gave the children tasks to do to keep them busy. Do you know what they say about an idle mind being the devil’s workshop? It is therefore not out of place to think that Harry School did this so as to keep them busy with something productive. This is exactly what school is today — keep you from being a nuisance to society while doing productive things with your life. The parents and guardians of the children were happy about Mr. School’s idea and so, his school grew.

Still, one cannot credit Harry School for the invention of school. Before him, formal schools existed in ancient Greek, Rome, China, and other places in the world. For example, in Sparta, the state engaged young boys in military affairs. From age seven, trained soldiers taught these boys how to fight and kill. Also, in Athens, ancient Greece, young children learned to write, sing, do mathematics and gymnastics. They also learned to read and write poetry. Of course, these children had teachers (older abs experienced ones) who trained them in this manner.

Thus, one cannot say exactly who invented the school system. This is because the school system has existed for so long it is nearly impossible to trace the origin.

Who Invented Summer School?

Not many students like schooling but have no choice but to attend. Regular school sessions can be tiring and draining, how much more is a summer school? So, you may be wondering, “Who created summer schools?”

Well, there are no historical facts about the origin of summer school. What is known is that summer school takes place during the school holidays. Unlike regular school days, the hours of learning in summer schools are shorter. For some summer schools, the duration for learning is two hours while others have up to five hours.

What are the Benefits of the School System?

Schools will always be a part of our society no matter how much you wish them away. Yes, they can exhaust you. Yes, they can cause you to have sleepless nights especially when you are working on assignments. Indeed, they can be tasking. However, they have benefits to society. So, what are these benefits?

1. They Help You to Grow

As a person, you need knowledge. You need knowledge about your individual life, other people, your surroundings, your country, other countries, etc. Schooling helps you to get knowledge about these things. It opens your eyes to see the things around you in a different light.

2. You Become Independent

As schooling helps you to discover yourself, you learn to do things without becoming unevenly dependent on others. You learn how to do basic things by yourself, even things that looked hard. This includes personal hygiene, how to use simple tools and machines, domestic chores, etc.

3. You Become Creative

Usually, schooling encourages students to think on their own. After teaching, teachers give students homework to do. Usually, they set the homework questions so that the student does not give the exact answer of what they learned in school. Thus, students have to think about how to get accurate answers. This helps to exercise the brain, thus birthing creativity.

4. It is a Place to Meet People of Different Backgrounds

In schools, you meet with people who share the same background as you and also people of different backgrounds. A school is a place where you can build a social network with other people. Most schools encourage this and as such, allow for different groups and organizations to meet in school. This way, students get to learn new soft and hard skills, share personal stories, visit places together, among others. When you meet people in school, it can be beneficial to you both in your present and later life.

5. You Contribute to Your Society

In schools, you learned different subjects and skills both in theory and practical. This way, you can put what you have learned in school to use. For example, those who studied technology in schools can help develop tools to make folding clothes easier. Whatever you learned in school, you can use it to affect your society in a good way.

The bottom line is that schools are necessary for today’s society especially if you want to stand out from the crowd. There is a saying that you have to pay the price for greatness. So, see the long hours spent in school and at school work as the price you pay to be a better person.

Conclusion

Who invented school? Now, you know that school has existed for centuries and there is no one inventor.